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The Philolexian Foundation

In service to the Philolexian Society of Columbia University · Founded MDCCCII

The Philolexian Society of Columbia University

John Erskine

Columbia College, Class of 1900

Instituted Columbia's General Honors Course, ancestor of Lit Hum and the Great Books movement; author of over 100 books; first President of the Juilliard School.

From Notable Alumni · Foundation editorial

Instituted Columbia's General Honors Course, ancestor of Lit Hum and the Great Books movement; author of over 100 books; first President of the Juilliard School. John Erskine (CC 1900, M.A. 1901, Ph.D. 1903) took the Society's literary arguments rather seriously. The 1920 General Honors Course he taught at Columbia, a two-year seminar reading the classics in translation, launched with a first cohort of two students and a second capped at ten, is the direct progenitor of Columbia's famed Literature Humanities course and, at one remove, of the whole American Great Books movement. Junior teachers Mark Van Doren and, from 1923, Mortimer Adler took up sections; Adler left for Chicago in 1929 and, with Robert Hutchins, went on to launch the Great Books of the Western World. Erskine's 1915 essay “The Moral Obligation to Be Intelligent” gave the whole project its mission statement. He wrote, by his own approximate count, over one hundred books: the 1925 novel The Private Life of Helen of Troy (filmed by Alexander Korda in 1927 and adapted by George Antheil into the opera Helen Retires, composed 1931 and premiered 1934, for which Erskine wrote the libretto) made him a household name among the kind of crowd that follows the production of contemporary librettos. A trained pianist and composer, he was also the first President of the Juilliard School of Music (1928–1937).

Vital

Full name
John Erskine

Columbia & the Society

Columbia
Class of 1900 (Columbia College)

Works (77)

  1. 1897 The Diamond Jubilee and Hospital Doctors · BMJ
  2. 1900 The Governor's Vrouw (comic opera; libretto by Harrison & Cane) · Varsity Show
  3. 1902 Accidental Removal of Auricle by Midwifery Forceps, and Successful Application of Artificial Auricle · BMJ
  4. 1903 The Elizabethan Lyric
  5. 1905 Selections from the Faerie Queene (ed.) · Editor
  6. 1907 Actaeon and Other Poems · Poetry
  7. 1910 Leading American Novelists · Criticism
  8. 1910 Written English (with Helen Erskine) · Composition text
  9. 1912 Selections from the Idylls of the King (ed.) · Editor
  10. 1914 A Pageant of the Thirteenth Century · Columbia University Press
  11. 1914 Contemporary War Poems (Introduction) · Introduction
  12. 1914 Enjoyment of Poetry. · The Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods
  13. 1914 Poems of Wordsworth, Shelley, and Keats (with W. P. Trent, eds.) · Editor
  14. 1915 Interpretations of Literature, by Lafcadio Hearn (ed.) · Editor with introduction
  15. 1915 The Moral Obligation to Be Intelligent, and Other Essays · Slogan of the Great Books movement
  16. 1915 The Virtue of Friendship in the Faerie Queene · PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America
  17. 1916 Appreciations of Poetry, by Lafcadio Hearn (ed.) · Editor with introduction
  18. 1916 The Moral Obligation to be Intelligent, and other Essays. · The Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods
  19. 1917 Life and Literature, by Lafcadio Hearn (ed.) · Editor with introduction
  20. 1917 The Shadowed Hour · Poetry
  21. 1917 The Theme of Death in Paradise Lost · PMLA
  22. 1917 XXII.—The Theme of Death in Paradise Lost · PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America
  23. 1920 Democracy and Ideals · Essays
  24. 1922 A Short History of American Literature; Based Upon the Cambridge History of American Literature · Criticism
  25. 1923 The Little Disciple · Novel
  26. 1924 The American Council of Learned Societies · PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America
  27. 1925 Sonata, and Other Poems · Poetry
  28. 1925 The Private Life of Helen of Troy · Novel
  29. 1926 Galahad: Enough of His Life to Explain His Reputation · Novel
  30. 1927 Adam and Eve, Though He Knew Better · Novel
  31. 1927 American Character, and Other Essays · Essays
  32. 1927 Prohibition and Christianity, and Other Paradoxes of the American Spirit · Essays
  33. 1927 Two Books on Helen · The Classical Weekly
  34. 1928 Penelope's Man: The Homing Instinct · Novel
  35. 1928 The Delight of Great Books · Criticism
  36. 1928 What Education Means · Journal of Education
  37. 1929 Sincerity: A Story of Our Time · Novel
  38. 1930 A Lady Surrenders (dir. John M. Stahl) · Adapted from Sincerity
  39. 1930 Cinderella's Daughter, and Other Sequels and Consequences · Fiction
  40. 1930 De-Centralizing Our Music · Music Supervisors' Journal
  41. 1930 Foreword · To the Gods of Hellas
  42. 1930 Uncle Sam in the Eyes of His Family · Essays
  43. 1931 Give Music a Larger Place in Education · Music Supervisors' Journal
  44. 1931 Helen Retires (libretto; music by George Antheil) · Opera based on The Private Life of Helen of Troy
  45. 1931 Music in the Curriculum · Bulletin of the American Association of University Professors
  46. 1932 Tristan and Isolde: Restoring Palamede · Novel
  47. 1934 Bachelor of Arts · Novel
  48. 1935 The Future of Radio as a Cultural Medium · The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
  49. 1936 The Influence of Women and Its Cure · Essays
  50. 1936 The President's Mystery (dir. Phil Rosen) · From FDR-suggested story worked up by Erskine et al.
  51. 1937 The Brief Hour of Francois Villon · Novel
  52. 1938 Le Roman d'un tricheur (English subtitles) · Subtitles for Sacha Guitry film
  53. 1938 The Start of the Road · Novel (on Walt Whitman)
  54. 1940 Give Me Liberty: The Story of an Innocent Bystander · Novel
  55. 1940 The Baker's Wife (English subtitles) · Subtitles for Marcel Pagnol film
  56. 1941 Casanova's Women: Eleven Moments of a Year · Fiction
  57. 1942 Macdowell at Columbia: Some Recollections · The Musical Quarterly
  58. 1943 The Complete Life · The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism
  59. 1943 The Complete Life: A Guide to the Active Enjoyment of the Arts and of Living · Essays
  60. 1944 A Case of Acute Hydramnios Successfully Treated by Abdominal Paracentesis · BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
  61. 1944 The Humanities in the Americas · Hispania
  62. 1944 What Is Music? · Music criticism
  63. 1944 Worthy of Consideration · The Journal of Higher Education
  64. 1945 The Effect of Postoperative Exercises and Massage on the Incidence of Pulmonary Embolism at Chelsea Hospital for Women · BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
  65. 1945 The Human Life of Jesus · Biography
  66. 1945 The Philharmonic-Symphony Society of New York: Its First 100 Years · The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism
  67. 1947 Memories of an Educator and a Man of Letters · The Journal of Higher Education
  68. 1947 The Humanities in the New College Program · The Journal of Higher Education
  69. 1947 The Memory of Certain Persons · Notes
  70. 1948 Comment and Recollection · The Journal of Higher Education
  71. 1948 Reviews of Books · The Musical Quarterly
  72. 1948 The Cost of the Sabine Farm · The Journal of Higher Education
  73. 1948 The Spirit and the Flesh (English subtitles) · Subtitles for Mario Camerini adaptation of Manzoni
  74. 1949 Venus, the Lonely Goddess · Novel
  75. 1950 Lower-segment Caesarean Section Modified · BMJ
  76. 1952 A Case of Coronary Artery Thrombosis and Cerebral Embolism Following Childbirth · BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
  77. 1956 Diane (dir. David Miller; screenplay Christopher Isherwood) · MGM biopic of Diane de Poitiers, based on Erskine story

Primary sources

The Columbia Daily Spectator

1909-12-08 Professor Erskine Addresses Philo guest speaker
Professor Erskine Addresses Philo Professor John Erskine gave an interesting talk on H. H. Brownell before the Philolexian Society last night. Atnong those present was P. A. Gordon 'OB, a former president of the society, and editor of the Monthly. H. H. Wardin 'l2 was elected a member. The annual Philo dinner will take place on the evening of January 21, with a noted man of letters as the guest of honor. The inaugurals of newly elected officers will be delivered at this time. The election is to take place January 18. Nominations must be handed to Spectator a week before this date.

Columbia Daily Spectator, 1909-12-08 →

1910-01-22 PHILO'S ANNUAL BANQUET 108th Anniversary Celebrated by Dinner at Columbia University Club—Two Honorary Memberships guest of honor; given honorary membership
PHILO'S ANNUAL BANQUET 108th Anniversary Celebrated by Dinner at Columbia University Club— Two Honorary Memberships Last evening, the Philolexian Society celebrated the 108 th anniversary of its birth by a banquet held at the Columb a University Club, Gramercy Park. Besides the active members of the society, and a large number of alumni, there were present as special guests of honor, Dean Van Amringe, Mr. Charles Battell Loomis, the noted humorist, Professor John Erskine and Chaplain R. C. Knox. J. Sears 'lO, who was president of the society during the past semester, acted as toastmaster of the evening. In his address he briefly gave a review of his presidential term of office, speaking with special emphasis on the work of the members in the securing of signatures for making Dean "Van Amringe Dean Emeritus on his retirement from active duties next year. The toastmaster then…

Columbia Daily Spectator, 1910-01-22 →

1910-04-27 PHILO TO RECEIVE FRESHMEN essay contest judge
PHILO TO RECEIVE FRESHMEN Team Picked to Debate Barnard Philolexian will hold its annual Freshman night 011 Thursday evening, May 5. At this time any Freshman in the college may speak for admission, speeches being limited to five minutes. Since several Seniors are leaving this year, there will be an opening for about twenty men. The wish of the societyis to secure those students especially interested in literary and debating work. The results of the essay contest judged by Professor John Erskine and Mr J. W. Taylor of the English Department and W. B. Woodbury 'OB, were announced yesterday. G. Smith 'lO, won the first prize for an essay on "The Poems of Sidney Lanier," D. S. Townsend 'lO, was awarded second place for a study of "Thomas Paine and the American Revolution." The Debating team to meet Barnard consists of G. Smith 'lO. L. Fraser 'lO W. D. Heydeckei 'll, and A. W. MacMahon…

Columbia Daily Spectator, 1910-04-27 →

1916-03-16 UNIVERSITY NOTICES [ARTICLE] presided over spirited debate
UNIVERSITY NOTICES Notices for this column should preferably be written out and left in the Night Office IB the basement of Journalism Building addressed to the Night Editor. In cases of emergency they may be telephoned to thj Night Editor (Extension 190) up to 10:80 P. M. _ Economics Club. —Professor E. E. Agger will speak on Dollar Exchange" at a meeting in Room 206 J at 4:10 P. M. today. Crew. —Varsity at 4:00 P. M. Economics Club. Saturday's trip will be to a Telephone Exchange instead of the Crucible Steel Mills. The party will leave at 9:30 A. M. and return at noon. Chapel.—Communion will be held tomorrow morning. Basketball. —Varsity Picture Friday noon—Pach's. Baseball. —Practice in the cage from 2:30-5:00 P. M. Crew. —Freshmen report at 3:30 P. M. First Aid. —First Aid Lecture on "Foreign Bodies in Eye, Ear, Nose, Throat and…

Columbia Daily Spectator, 1916-03-16 →

1917-02-27 DEBATE TO REPLACE PHILO SCHEDULE [ARTICLE] judge for poem contest
DEBATE TO REPLACE PHILO SCHEDULE Philolexian's program for the meeting tomorrow evening has been postponed in its entirety until next week in order to allow the men who are to participate to become better acquainted with their parts. Instead, an impromptu debate will be held and there will be a reading of the one-£Ct play which will be presented at the society's reception to the Freshmen. The date of the reception is March 3. A committee composed of A. K. Paddock 'l7, H. W. Palmer 'l7 and C. Beals 'l7, has been appointed to look after the details for the Philolexian debate with Philomathean of the University of Pennsylvania. The debate is scheduled for the evening of March 23. Further announcement will be made at the meeting about the poem contest. The prize is to be $5 in gold. Several contributions have already been received by "Monthly." The judges will be Professor John Erskine,…

Columbia Daily Spectator, 1917-02-27 →

1917-03-05 MONTHLY RECEIVES POEMS. judge of poem contest
MONTHLY RECEIVES POEMS. £Editor William Hillman, of "Lit," announces that he has already received a number of manuscripts submitted under the conditions of the Philolexian Prize Poem contest. According to the announcement which is being circulated among the Freshman and Sophomore classes, Philolexian is offering five dollars in gold for the best poem accepted by "Monthly" of those submitted by Thursday, March 15. The judges are to be: William Hillman, for "Monthly," Professor John Erskine, and C. P. Ivins, for " Philolexian."

Columbia Daily Spectator, 1917-03-05 →

1922-01-09 CAST IS PRAISED BY PHILO'S COACH will attend performance
CAST IS PRAISED BY PHILO'S COACH Manager Olney Announces That Staging of Show Will he Very Simple FACULTY MEN TO ATTEND Calvert Sets Dates for Dress Rehearsals in New Ball Room of Plaza Coach Louis Calvert of "As You Like It," to be produced by Philolexian Society and Barnard Wigs and Cues this Friday and Saturday night at the Hotel Plaza, announced Saturday that work on the play is progressing in excellent fashion and praised the cast. Manager J. Olnev '22 said further that the merit of the production is assured by the fact that it is being put on by a coach who is recognized as an authority on Shakespeare. "The college has been fortunate," he said, "in securing one of the few living competent Elizabethan coaches, a man who has acted and directed Shakespeare all his life. Indeed, Louis Calvert is probably the greatest student of Shakespeare in the country and is. giving the…

Columbia Daily Spectator, 1922-01-09 →

1923-05-08 PHILO ANNOUNCES CONTEST Prizes Are Offered for Best Short Story, Poem, and Essay [ARTICLE] consented to act as judge
PHILO ANNOUNCES CONTEST Prizes Are Offered for Best Short Story, Poem, and Essay Manuscripts for the Philolexian Prize Contest must be submitted to him not later than noon of Tuesday, May 15, according to J. Warner Bellah '23. The income from the Prize fund this year, according to Secretary Fackenthal, amounts to seventy dollars, which will be equally divided among the authors of the winning short story, poem, and essay. Stories and essays must not exceed forty-five hundred words. Poems may be any length. Competition is limited to undergraduate members of the Philolexian Society. Prof. John Erskine has consented to act as judge in the competition. In the event of there being no entrants in any one field of literature, the prize money will be divided between the winners in the other two fields.

Columbia Daily Spectator, 1923-05-08 →

1923-05-28 Judges Present Students Philo Endowment Awards [ARTICLE] made the decisions
Judges Present Students Philo Endowment Awards William A. S. Dollard '24 won the Philolexian Washington Centenial Prize at a competition held recently before the club. This award, presented once every four years, is given for the best original patriotic oration by a member of the society. The bust, gift of J. Ackerman Coles, is a copy of a bust of Washington, done by Houdon from life. Prof. John J. Coss and Warner Tufts, president of the club, were the judges. Henry M. Robinson, Jr., '23 won the Essay Prize, J. Warner Bellah, Jr., '23 received the short story award, and the Poetry Prize was given to Williams Norris Stahl '24, at the same gathering. These honors are each one third of the income of another Philolexian award, totalling $7O. Prof. John Erskine made the decisions.

Columbia Daily Spectator, 1923-05-28 →

1924-05-08 DEAN TO BE GUEST AT PHILO BANQUET Will Speak at Annual Alumni Banquet of Literary Society Tonight. judged the prize contributions
DEAN TO BE GUEST AT PHILO BANQUET Will Speak at Annual Alumni Banquet of Literary Society Tonight. Dean Herbert E. Hawkes will be the guest of honor at the annual Alumni banquet of Philolexian Literary Society to be held at 7 o'clock tonight in the Blue Room of the Columbia University Club. He is expected to speak on the place that Philolexian has and should have on the Campus. A number of the older Alumni have promised to be present at the gathering. Arnold Koch '2O and Henry M. Robinson '23, both former presidents of the literary organization, will describe the society as it was in their time. Other former officers will also speak. To Announce Prize Winners. The prize winners in the Philolexian contests for the best essay, poem and short story submitted by members will be announced at tonight's affair. The contributions have been judged by Professor John Erskine. Last year the…

Columbia Daily Spectator, 1924-05-08 →

1930-01-20 PHILO WILL GATHER AT ANNUAL BANQUET Literary Society Will Hold Traditional Affair at Columbia Club. faculty invited
PHILO WILL GATHER AT ANNUAL BANQUET Literary Society Will Hold Traditional Affair at Columbia Club. Philolexian will hold- its traditional banquet at the Columbia Club on Saturday, Feb. 1, it was announced by Boris, B. Shishkin '3O, secretary of the Columbia Literary Society. Prominent members of the Faculty and Alumni members of Philolexian will attend the affair which marks the 178 th anniversary of the society's existence. The new members who were elected to the society last November will be formally inducted at the banquet. Two of the newly elected men are editors of Columbia literary magazines. They are Louis Barillet '3O, editor-in-chief of Varsity and Gerard P. Meyer '3O "of Morningside. Others who will be initiated are John Nye Webb '3l of the Varsity staff, Vincent L. Puglisi, Jr. '3l, editor of II Circolino and member of the Spectator staff, John Burke '3l of the debating…

Columbia Daily Spectator, 1930-01-20 →

1930-01-21 ODELL WILL ATTEND PHILOLEXIAN DINNER Dean Hawkes and Professor Coss Also Represent Faculty at Banquet. faculty invited, former member
ODELL WILL ATTEND PHILOLEXIAN DINNER Dean Hawkes and Professor Coss Also Represent Faculty at Banquet. Many prominent members of the faculty will be present when the Philolexian banquet takes place at the Columbia Club on Saturday, Feb. 1, according to advance reports. Among those expected to be there are Dean Herbert E. Hawkes, Professor John J. Coss and George C. D. Odell, Brander Matthews Professor of Dramatic Literature. Professor Odell has sponsored several Philolexian banquets in the past. The list of faculty members to whom invitations have been extended includes many former Philo men. Among these are John Erskine, Dixon Ryan Fox, Horace L. Friess, Arthur W. MacMahon, John H. RanJr., Parker T. Moon and Irving W. Raymond. Other members of the faculty who have been invited include Jacques M. Barzun, Edward Mammen, Andre Mesnard and Dwight C. Miner. New Members to Attend. New…

Columbia Daily Spectator, 1930-01-21 →

1935-04-15 PRIZES LISTED BY BOAR'S HEAD To Give Eight Cash Awards At Poetry Reading ERSKIEN IS INVITED Special Meeting of Philo Is Called for Tonight [ARTICLE] invited to preside at the Reading
PRIZES LISTED BY BOAR'S HEAD To Give Eight Cash Awards At Poetry Reading ERSKIEN IS INVITED Special Meeting of Philo Is Called for Tonight A first prize of twenty-five dollars will be awarded at the Poetry Reading in Casa Italiana April 25, Herman Gund '3SJ, chairman of the Reading and President of Philolexian Society announced yesterday. Three second prizes of ten dollars each, and four third prizes of five dollars each, will also be awarded. The enthusiasm with which Faculty members and students have responded to the poetry reading was making the substantial prizes possible, Gund added. All prizes will be announced several days before the Reading. Poems Selected All poems for publication in-the Boar's Head issue of The Columbia Review have been selected. Twentysix poets will be represented, four of whom are Barnard students. Most of the poems printed will be read by the…

Columbia Daily Spectator, 1935-04-15 →

1909-11-10 November Issue of Monthly Appears poem published in Monthly
November Issue of Monthly Appears One day ahead of scheduled time, the first issue for the present college year of Columbia Monthly made its appearance on the Campus yesterday morning. The issue contains a number of poems, one being by Professor John Erskine 'oo, some good short stories several essays and book reviews besides two editorials. The essay entitled "On certain of Thackerays Ballads" won the recent Philolexian Society prize contest. Very shortly, a review of the issue, by a member of the English Department will appear in Spectator. There are several vacancies on the editorial and business boards of Monthly. Candidates for these positions are desired at once. Any student wishing to try for the Business board should consult with Manager Ferreira in 303 University Hall any day at noon; and the edi-tor-in-chief will be glad to see new contributors in his office, 405 West Hall…

Columbia Daily Spectator, 1909-11-10 →

1918-04-30 Columbia Men in National Service [ARTICLE] carrying on Y.M.C.A. work; helping establish Soldiers' University
Columbia Men in National Service In order that this column may be as comprehensive as possible, readers are requested to upply any information which they may have at hand concerning Columbia men in any branch of National Service. Send items to the Managing Editor. SPECTATOR Building. Faculty. Professors E. L. Thorndike '9B Ph. D., and R. S. Woodworth '99 Ph. D., of the Department of Psychology, are standardizing determining the fitness of soldiers for the more special and exactiye branches of service. This phase of preparation for efficiency in modern warfare is continually beooming more important and its significance is seen' in the selection of candidates for the aviation service. Professor W. A. Boring 'B9 M., of the School of Architecture, has been influential in bringing to the attention of the Government the necessity of systematic study in the use of camouflage, and has been…

Columbia Daily Spectator, 1918-04-30 →

1924-07-14 Publishers Release Children of Morningside For Edification of Campus and Public Today [ARTICLE] praised the book (critic quoted)
Publishers Release Children of Morningside For Edification of Campus and Public Today Public announcement of the publication today of "Children of Morningside," the Columbia novel in verse, by Henry Morton Robinson, was made by Otto v. St. Whitelock of the Bulstrode Press Saturday. The entire edition of five hundred copies, of which each copy is numbered, will be delivered on the Campus today, and students in attendance at the Summer Session will be given first opportunity to purchase copies. "Children of Morningside" is the first book to be published which, in the form of a novel, deals entirely with Columbia undergraduate affairs. The story, which is written in the delightful style which has become so familiar to the Campus through Robinson's work as editor of Varsity, the Columbia literary magazine, is based upon a closely knit plot which centers about the leading character, Clyde…

Columbia Daily Spectator, 1924-07-14 →

1935-03-11 Boar's Head to Give Eight Cash Prizes originated Boar's Head reading
Boar's Head to Give Eight Cash Prizes The Boar's Head committee in charge of the Boar's Head reading and poetry issue of The Columbia Review requests that all poetry manuscripts be submitted at once to the offices of The Columbia Review any noon this week. The deadline is March 20. Eight substantial cash prizes will be awarded at the reading by Faculty judges for best examples of undergraduate poetry. The reading is tentatively set to be held at the Casa Italian on April 16. All those poems selected to be read, including the prize-win-ning pieces, will be printed in the April number of The Review. The Boar's Head annual reading of poetry, which is being revived by The Columbia Review in conjunction with The Barnard Literary Society and Philolexian, was originated by John Erskine in 1919.

Columbia Daily Spectator, 1935-03-11 →

Samplings and Chronicles (Barzun, 1927)

Samplings and Chronicles (Barzun, 1927) Leaf / page 2

Named in Samplings and Chronicles (Barzun, 1927) at the referenced leaf.

Maxwell, Catalogue of Columbia Graduates (1916)

Maxwell, Catalogue of Columbia Graduates (1916) Leaf / page 54

Named in Maxwell, Catalogue of Columbia Graduates (1916) at the referenced leaf.

Maxwell, Catalogue of Columbia Graduates (1916) Leaf / page 184

Named in Maxwell, Catalogue of Columbia Graduates (1916) at the referenced leaf.

Maxwell, Catalogue of Columbia Graduates (1916) Leaf / page 479

Named in Maxwell, Catalogue of Columbia Graduates (1916) at the referenced leaf.

Maxwell, Catalogue of Columbia Graduates (1916) Leaf / page 910

Named in Maxwell, Catalogue of Columbia Graduates (1916) at the referenced leaf.

Maxwell, Catalogue of Columbia Graduates (1916) Leaf / page 1000

Named in Maxwell, Catalogue of Columbia Graduates (1916) at the referenced leaf.

Maxwell, Catalogue of Columbia Graduates (1916) Leaf / page 1000

Named in Maxwell, Catalogue of Columbia Graduates (1916) at the referenced leaf.

The Foundation's research archive

other_printed_columbian_yearbook

listed under "Honorary Members" · Confidence: CERTAIN

other_printed_columbian_yearbook

listed under "Honorary Members" · Confidence: CERTAIN

other_printed_columbian_yearbook

listed under "Honorary Members" · Confidence: CERTAIN

other_printed_columbian_yearbook

listed under "Honorary Members" · Confidence: CERTAIN

External references

Community-maintained record

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